Imunoexpressão de clic4, α-sma, e-caderina e vimentina em lesões odontogênicas epitelias benígnas / Immunoexpression of clic4, α-sma, e-cadherin and vimentin in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions

As lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas constituem um grupo heterogêneo de lesões. A proteína CLIC4 atua na regulação dos processos de parada de crescimento e apoptose, participando também do processo de transdiferenciação dos fibroblastos em miofibroblastos que passam a expressar α-SMA. Além disso, a expressão de CLIC4 pode interferir no processo de transição epitélio-mesenquima (TEM) em neoplasias. Este trabalho avaliou a imunoexpressão de CLIC4, α-SMA, E-caderina e Vimentina em ameloblastomas (AM) (n = 16), ceratocistos odontogênicos (n = 20) e tumores odontogênicos adenomatóides (TOA) (n = 8). A análise da expressão imunoistoquímica das proteínas CLIC4, E-caderina e vimentina no componente epitelial das lesões e de CLIC4 e α-SMA no tecido conjuntivo foi realizada de forma semi-quantitativa por um avaliador previamente calibrado. A expressão no componente epitelial de CLIC4 foi analisada separadamente no núcleo e no citoplasma, bem como a marcação de E-caderina que foi avaliada na membrana e no citoplasma. As comparações dos percentuais de imunorreatividade em relação aos grupos estudados foram realizadas por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Possíveis correlações entre a expressão de CLIC4, α-SMA, E-caderina e Vimentina foram avaliadas por meio do teste de correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% (p < 0,05). Foram observados diferentes padrões de marcação entre os grupos analisados, observando-se que a imunoexpressão exclusivamente citoplasmática da CLIC4 no componente epitelial dos AM (p < 0,001) e TOA (p < 0,001) foi significativamente superior a dos CO, não demonstrarando significância estatística entre os AM e TOA. A imunoexpressão (nuclear e citoplasmática) da CLIC4 no revestimento epitelial CO foi significativamente superior à encontrada no componente epitelial dos AM (p < 0,001) e dos TOA (p < 0,001). A imunoexpressão estromal de CLIC4 foi significativamente superior nos AM (p = 0,009) e CO (p = 0,004) quando comparados aos TOA. A imunoexpressao de α-SMA significativamente maior em AM (p = 0,016) e CO (p = 0,034) quando comparados aos TOA. Para a imunoexpressão membranar da E-caderina em CO foi significativamente superior em comparação à encontrada nos AM (p = 0,009) e nos TOA (p = 0,024). Foi observada maior imunoexpressão de E-caderina (membranar e citoplasmática) nos COs, quando comparados aos AM (p < 0,001) e aos TOAs (p < 0,001). A expressão de Ecaderina citoplasmática foi significativamente maior nos AM e TOA (p < 0,001) quando comparados aos CO. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa na imunoexpressão de vimentina entre os casos de AM e os casos de TOA (p = 0,038) e CO (p < 0,001), bem como entre o TOA e CO (p < 0,001). As correlações testadas entre os escores das proteínas estudadas evidenciou que no grupo dos AM foi possível evidenciar moderada correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa (r = 0,527; p = 0,036) entre a expressão citoplasmática da CLIC4 e a expressão citoplasmática da E-caderina. Também foi verificada fraca correlação negativa e estatisticamente significativa (r = -0,499; p = 0,049) entre a expressão núcleo-citoplasmática da CLIC4 e a expressão citoplasmática da E-caderina nos AM. Além disso, uma moderada correlação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre a expressão estromal da CLIC4 e a expressão da α-SMA nos AM (r = 0,648; p = 0,007) e nos CO (r = 0,541; p = 0,014). Foi observada forte correlação negativa e estatisticamente significativa (r = -0,813; p < 0,001) entre a expressão da E-caderina e a expressão da vimentina nos AM. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem um potencial envolvimento de CLIC4 no processo de transdiferenciação de miofibroblastos, e que a presença destas células é mais frequentemente associada a lesões de comportamento biológico mais agressivo como os AM e CO, além de uma possível atuação desta proteína na regulação do ciclo celular e na TEM nas lesões estudadas (AU).

Benign epithelial odontogenic lesions constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions. the CLIC4 protein acts in the regulation of growth arrest and apoptosis processes, also participating in the process of transdifferentiation of fibroblasts Into myofibroblasts that begin to express α-SMA. Furthermore, CLIC4 expression can interfere with the epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) process in neoplasms. This work evaluated the immunoexpression of CLIC4, α-SMA, e-cadherin and vimentin in ameloblastomas (AM) (n = 16), odontogenic keratocysts (OK) (n = 20) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) (n = 8). The analysis of the immunohistochemical expression of the proteins CLIC4, ecadherin and vimentin in the epithelial component of the lesions and of CLIC4 and α-SMA in the connective tissue was carried out in a semi-quantitative way by a previously calibrated evaluator. Expression in the epithelial component of CLIC4 was analyzed separately in the nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as e-cadherin labeling, which was evaluated in the membrane and cytoplasm. Comparisons of the percentages of immunoreactivity in relation to the studied groups were carried out using the nonparametric kruskal-wallis and mann-whitney tests. Possible correlations between the expression of CLIC4, α-SMA, e-cadherin and vimentin were evaluated using the spearman correlation test. The significance level was set at 5% (p < 0.05). Different staining patterns were observed between the groups analyzed, observing that the exclusively cytoplasmic immunoexpression of CLIC4 in the epithelial component of AM (p < 0.001) and AOT (p < 0.001) was significantly higher than that of OK, not demonstrating statistical significance between the AM and AOT. The immunoexpression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) of CLIC4 in the co epithelial lining was significantly higher than that found in the epithelial component of AM (p < 0.001) and AOT (p < 0.001). Stromal CLIC4 immunoexpression was significantly higher in AM (p = 0.009) and OK (p = 0.004) when compared to AOT. The immunoexpression of α-SMA is significantly higher in AM (p = 0.016) and OK (p = 0.034) when compared to AOT. For e-cadherin membrane immunoexpression in co was significantly higher compared to that found in AM (p = 0.009) and AOT (p = 0.024). Greater immunoexpression of e-cadherin (membrane and cytoplasmic) was observed in OK, when compared to AM (p < 0.001) and AOT (p < 0.001). Cytoplasmic ecadherin expression was significantly higher in AM and AOT (p < 0.001) when compared to OK. A statistically significant difference in vimentin immunoexpression was observed between cases of AM and cases of AOT (p = 0.038) and OK (p < 0.001), as well as between AOT and OK (p < 0.001). The correlations tested between the scores of the proteins studied showed that in the am group it was possible to demonstrate a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.527; p = 0.036) between the cytoplasmic expression of clic4 and the cytoplasmic expression of e-cadherin. A weak and statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.499; p = 0.049) was also found between the nucleus-cytoplasmic expression of clic4 and the cytoplasmic expression of e- cadherin in AM. Furthermore, a moderate positive and statistically significant correlation between the stromal expression of CLIC4 and the expression of α-SMA in AM (r = 0.648; p = 0.007) and OK (r = 0.541; p = 0.014). Additionally, a strong negative and statistically significant correlation (r = -0.813; p < 0.001) was observed between the expression of ecadherin and the expression of vimentin in AM. The results of this study suggest a potential involvement of CLIC4 in the myofibroblast transdifferentiation process, and that the presence of these cells is more frequently associated with lesions with more aggressive biological behavior such as AM and OK, in addition to a possible role of this protein in the regulation of cell cycle and EMT in the lesions studied (AU).

Ameloblastoma uniquístico con patrón plexiforme: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso clínico / Unicystic ameloblastoma with a plexiform pattern: literature review regarding a clinical case

En 1827 el médico James William Cusack describió una lesión tumoral expansiva con características clínicas similares al ameloblastoma. Para el 2017 la Organización Mundial de la Salud lo clasificó como un tumor odontogénico benigno de origen epitelial. En la actualidad hemos aceptado la teoría de su etiología asociada con una mutación en el biomarcador BRAF-V600E, donde se presentan claras heterogeneidades extra/intratumorales en el metabolismo de la tumorogénesis; la mutación en BRAF genera cambios en la regulación de la odontogénesis, en conjunto con el gen CDC73 presente en el cromosoma 1 q25-q32, lo que produce un cambio en la proteína parafibromina que inhibe la proliferación celular durante el crecimiento y la división celular, esto afecta en conjunto al gen p53 y su homólogo p63 presentes en el cromosoma 17, por lo que se tiene como resultado la expresión de quistes y tumores dentales como el ameloblastoma. La presente obra muestra el caso clínico de un paciente femenino de 11 años de edad con aumento de volumen en la región submandibular izquierda de 7 × 4 cm, con seis años de evolución; de tal manera que fue diagnosticado con ameloblastoma uniquístico y tratado de forma conservadora mediante enucleación, posteriormente fue valorada anualmente hasta que la paciente cumplió los 18 años de edad (AU)

In 1827, physician James William Cusack described an expansive tumor lesion with clinical characteristics similar to ameloblastoma. For 2017, the World Health Organization classified it as a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. Currently, we have accepted the theory of its etiology associated with a mutation in the BRAF-V600E biomarker, where there are clear extra/intratumoral heterogeneities in the metabolism of tumorigenesis; the BRAF mutation generates changes in the regulation of odontogenesis, together with the CDC73 gene present on chromosome 1 q25-q32, producing a change in the parafibromin protein that inhibits cell proliferation during cell growth and division, which together it affects the p53 gene and its p63 homolog is present on chromosome 17, resulting in the expression of dental cysts and tumors such as ameloblastoma. This work provides the clinical case of an 11-year-old patient with an increase in volume in the left submandibular region of 7 × 4 cm of 6 years of evolution. Being diagnosed as a unicistic ameloblastoma and treated conservatively by enucleation, it is subsequently evaluated annually until the patient reaches 18 years of age (AU)

Application of Deep Learning in Differential Diagnosis of Ameloblastoma and Odontogenic Keratocyst Based on Panoramic Radiographs / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of different convolutional neural networks (CNN),representative deep learning models,in the differential diagnosis of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst,and subsequently compare the diagnosis results between models and oral radiologists. Methods A total of 1000 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively collected from the patients with ameloblastoma (500 radiographs) or odontogenic keratocyst (500 radiographs) in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology,Peking University School of Stomatology.Eight CNN including ResNet (18,50,101),VGG (16,19),and EfficientNet (b1,b3,b5) were selected to distinguish ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocyst.Transfer learning was employed to train 800 panoramic radiographs in the training set through 5-fold cross validation,and 200 panoramic radiographs in the test set were used for differential diagnosis.Chi square test was performed for comparing the performance among different CNN.Furthermore,7 oral radiologists (including 2 seniors and 5 juniors) made a diagnosis on the 200 panoramic radiographs in the test set,and the diagnosis results were compared between CNN and oral radiologists. Results The eight neural network models showed the diagnostic accuracy ranging from 82.50% to 87.50%,of which EfficientNet b1 had the highest accuracy of 87.50%.There was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy among the CNN models (P=0.998,P=0.905).The average diagnostic accuracy of oral radiologists was (70.30±5.48)%,and there was no statistical difference in the accuracy between senior and junior oral radiologists (P=0.883).The diagnostic accuracy of CNN models was higher than that of oral radiologists (P<0.001). Conclusion Deep learning CNN can realize accurate differential diagnosis between ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst with panoramic radiographs,with higher diagnostic accuracy than oral radiologists.

Frequency of central odontogenic tumors: a retrospective study in an Iraqi population utilizing 2022 WHO head and neck tumors classification / Frequência de tumores odontogênicos centrais: um estudo retrospectivo em uma população iraquiana utilizando a classificação de tumores de cabeça e pescoço da OMS de 2022

Objectives: Odontogenic tumors occupy an important position among head and neck tumors. Although, rarely encountered in medical practice but they considered increasingly challenging lesions for the clinicians due to their overlapping clinical and histopathological features. This study was designed to determine the relative frequency of central odontogenic tumors in an Iraqi population by utilizing 2022 WHO tumor classification. Material and methods: Sixty cases of central odontogenic tumors from a total of 1869 case records were retrieved retrospectively from the file archive of the histopathology laboratory in Baghdad medical city from the period of 2016 to 2021. For each individual case, data regarding age, gender, location, and tumor type were collected and analyzed. Results: odontogenic tumors constituted 3.2% of the total cases analyzed mostly benign. The male to female ratio was 1/1. The age of the patients ranged from 11 to 75 years. Most cases were recorded in the third and fourth decades of life (n=31, 51.6%). The most common benign and malignant tumors were ameloblastoma and ameloblastic fibrosarcoma respectively. Most of these tumors located in the mandible (n= 45, 75%). The most common mandibular tumor was ameloblastoma followed by ameloblastic fibroma, and odontogenic myxoma. Regarding maxillary tumors, the predominant tumor was ameloblastoma followed by ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibrosarcoma, and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. Conclusions: Odontogenic tumors in an Iraqi population occurred more commonly in the mandible and showed no sex predilection. Most cases were diagnosed in third and fourth decades of life and ameloblastoma was the most frequent odontogenic tumor. The relative frequency of malignant odontogenic tumors was 11.67% of all cases studied mostly ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. (AU)

Objetivos: Os tumores odontogênicos ocupam uma posição importante entre os tumores de cabeça e pescoço. Embora raramente encontrados na prática médica, eles consideram lesões cada vez mais desafiadoras para os clínicos devido às suas características clínicas e histopatológicas sobrepostas. Este estudo foi desenhado para determinar a frequência relativa de tumores odontogênicos centrais em uma população iraquiana, utilizando a classificação de tumor da OMS de 2022. Materiais e métodos: Sessenta casos de tumores odontogênicos centrais de um total de 1.869 registros de casos foram recuperados retrospectivamente do arquivo do laboratório de histopatologia na cidade médica de Bagdá no período de 2016 a 2021. Para cada caso individual, dados sobre idade, sexo , localização e tipo de tumor foram coletados e analisados. Resultados: os tumores odontogênicos constituíram 3,2% do total de casos analisados em sua maioria benignos. A proporção entre homens e mulheres era de 1/1. A idade dos pacientes variou de 11 a 75 anos. A maioria dos casos foi registrada na terceira e quarta décadas de vida (n=31, 51,6%). Os tumores benignos e malignos mais comuns foram ameloblastoma e fibrossarcoma ameloblástico, respectivamente. A maioria desses tumores localizava-se na mandíbula (n= 45, 75%). O tumor mandibular mais comum foi o ameloblastoma, seguido do fibroma ameloblástico e do mixoma odontogênico. Em relação aos tumores maxilares, o tumor predominante foi o ameloblastoma seguido de fibroma ameloblástico, fibrossarcoma ameloblástico e carcinoma odontogênico de células claras. Conclusões: Os tumores odontogênicos em uma população iraquiana ocorreram mais comumente na mandíbula e não mostraram predileção por sexo. A maioria dos casos foi diagnosticada na terceira e quarta décadas de vida, sendo o ameloblastoma o tumor odontogênico mais frequente. A frequência relativa de tumores odontogênicos malignos foi de 11,67% de todos os casos estudados principalmente fibrossarcoma ameloblástico (AU)

Variability in the Epithelial Expression of Ki67 and Polarization Characteristics of Collagen in Odontogenic Cysts and Tumours

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the proliferation of epithelium (using the Ki67 index) and the polarization pattern of collagen in selected odontogenic cysts and tumours. In addition, an exploratory analysis of the effect of inflammation on the proliferation rate was done. Material and Methods: Following immunohistochemical staining, the labelling/proliferation index of Ki67 was calculated. The thickness and corresponding polarization colour of 100 juxta-epithelial picrosirius red-stained collagen fibers were assessed using linear micrometry with an eyepiece reticule under × 1000 magnification. Inflammation was graded subjectively as mild, moderate, and severe. Results: Overall Ki-67 expression was higher in the radicular cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, Ameloblastoma, while suprabasal Ki-67 positivity was maximum in Odontogenic Keratocyst. The stromal collagen fibers in Ameloblastoma showed predominantly green birefringence, whereas Odontogenic Keratocyst had orange birefringence. There was no significant association of inflammation with Ki-67 expression or birefringence patterns. Conclusion: The highest Ki67 expression in the radicular cyst, followed by Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma. Differences in the collagen maturation pattern were noted innately in five lesions studied and were further influenced by inflammatory changes. Epithelial proliferation and concomitant expression of thickness and maturity of the stromal collagen are innate features of the lesion further influenced by inflammation in various odontogenic cysts and tumours and may, in turn, guide the clinical behavior.

Pattern of histologic variants of ameloblastoma in a secondary health care facility in Lagos state a 5-year retrospective study

Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm which is common amongst the Yoruba ethinc group. The various histologic types have been elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalent histologic types of ameloblastoma in a Lagos secondary health care facility. Methodology: A 5-year retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed slides were retrieved. Data extracted include the age, gender, location, ethnicity and histologic variants were analysed by SPSS version 26. Percentages, ratio, mean, standard deviation and crude odd ratio were determined, and p-value ⩽ 0.05 is considered significant. Result: A total of seventy-seven histopathologically diagnosed ameloblastoma slides were retrieved. Males were more affected than females in ratio 1.2:1 with the mean age 33.61±13.3. Ameloblastoma was commonest in the third decade of life and more in the mandible than maxilla. Yoruba ethnic group was most affected. The commonest histologic type was the unicystic type with intraluminal subtype accounting for the largest proportion. There was significant association between histologic types and gender (p= 0.037). Crude odd ratio revealed the odds in the unicystic type between male and female {p=0.041; CI=95%, OR=2.649(1.042-6.733)} and in the follicular between male and female {p=0.013; CI=95%, OR=3.855(1.321-11.288)}. Conclusion: The unicystic histologic type of ameloblastoma was the commonest, occurring more in females and this was followed by the follicular histologic type which occurred more in males in this Lagos State secondary health care facility.

Pattern of histologic variants of ameloblastoma in a secondary health care facility in Lagos State: A 5-year retrospective study

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm which is common among the dwellers of sub-Saharan Africa. The various histologic types have been elucidated. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalent histologic types of ameloblastoma in a Lagos secondary health care facility. Materials and methods: A five-year retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed slides was done. Data extracted include the age, gender, location, ethnicity, and histologic variants, which were analysed with SPSS version 26. Percentages, ratio, mean, standard deviation were determined, and p-value ⩽ 0.05 was considered significant. Result: A total of 77 histopathologically diagnosed ameloblastoma slides were included in this study. Males were more affected than females in ratio 1.2:1 with the mean age 33.61±13.3. Ameloblastoma was commonest in the third decade of life and more in the mandible than maxilla. The commonest histologic type was the conventional/follicular type which occurred more in males and this was followed by the unicystic/intraluminal type. Conclusion: The commonest histologic variant was the follicular (conventional) and occurred more in males. This was followed by the intraluminal (unicystic) histologic variant that was commoner in females in this Lagos State secondary health care facility.

Directrices para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de Molares Retenidos / Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of impacted molars

Los terceros molares son piezas dentarias correspondientes a la dentición permanente y se encuentran por detrás de los segundos molares. Erupcionan entre los 18 y 27 años aproximadamente, tienen variedad de formas, anomalías y disposición diversa. Normalmente se encuentran total o parcialmente retenidos en el hueso maxilar. La retención es muy frecuente y afecta aproximadamente al 75% de la población. La causa principal es por la falta de espacio dentro de la boca. La patología derivada de la retención de un tercer molar puede generar diferentes alteraciones: abscesos, sinusitis, reabsorción de las raíces de los dientes adyacentes, caries del molar retenido y/o del segundo molar, úlceras en la mucosa contigua, podrían generar quistes, ameloblastomas y ulceraciones leucoqueratósicas que pueden degenerar en carcinomas, alteraciones nerviosas o vasomotoras: dolores faciales, trismus, y parálisis facial ipsilateral. Las extracciones profilácticas de terceros molares asintomáticos están justificadas cuando los terceros molares se encuentran bajo prótesis removible que puede estimular su erupción, molares semierupcionados que pueden generar pericoronitis, caries o problemas periodontales; pacientes que van a ser sometidos a radioterapia; cuando el diente incluido interfiera en una cirugía ortognática. Si el molar retenido presenta sintomatología por parte del paciente está aconsejada su extracción quirúrgica.

The third molars are dental pieces corresponding to the permanent dentition and are located behind the second molars. They erupt between the ages of 18 and 27 approximately, have a variety of shapes, anomalies, and diverse dispositions. They are normally fully or partially retained in the maxillary bone. Retention is very frequent and affects approximately 75% of the population. The main cause is due to the lack of space inside the mouth. The pathology derived from the retention of a third molar can generate different alterations: abscesses, sinusitis, resorption of the roots of adjacent teeth, caries of the retained molar and/or second molar, ulcers in the contiguous mucosa, could generate cysts, ameloblastomas and leukokeratotic ulcerations that can degenerate into carcinomas, nervous or vasomotor disorders: facial pain, trismus, and ipsilateral facial paralysis. Prophylactic extractions of asymptomatic third molars are justified when the third molars are under removable prosthesis that can stimulate their eruption, semi-erupted molars that can generate pericoronitis, caries or periodontal problems; patients who are going to undergo radiotherapy; when the included tooth interferes with orthognathic surgery. If the retained molar presents symptoms on the part of the patient, its surgical extraction is recommended.

Recorrência do ameloblastoma: análise de fatores clínicoradiográficos e imunoexpressão de hMSH2, hMLH1 e KI-67 / Ameloblastoma recurrence: analysis of clinical-radiographic factors and immunoexpression of hMSH2, hMLH1 and KI-67

Introdução: O ameloblastoma é uma neoplasia odontogênica benigna, que apresenta altas taxas de recorrência pós-operatória. Diversos estudos mostram a relação entre as características clínico-patológicas e as modalidades de tratamento na recorrência do ameloblastoma. Os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos com a etiopatogenia deste tumor são pouco conhecidos, e apesar de alterações no Sistema Mismatch favorecerem o desenvolvimento de diferentes neoplasias humanas, a importância destes no desenvolvimento do ameloblastoma ainda permanece pouco compreendido. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores clínico-patológicos associados à recorrência do ameloblastoma, bem como investigar o papel da imunoexpressão das proteínas hMLH1, hMSH2 e Ki-67 na recidiva desses tumores odontogênicos. Metodologia: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal e restrospectivo, com uma amostra constituída por 22 casos de ameloblastomas recidivantes e 22 casos não-recidivantes. A análise imunoistoquímica foi realizada de forma quantitativa, considerando a localização celular (nuclear) das proteínas estudadas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as variáveis entre lesões da 1ª biópsia e recorrentes de AMB. A sobrevida livre de recorrência foi analisada pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e as funções de sobrevida foram comparadas de acordo com as variáveis pelo teste log-rank. Resultados: O gênero mais acometido foi o feminino (n=24; 54,5%), com média de idade de acometimento de 39,1 ± 19,8 anos, sendo 45,5% (n=20) leucodermas. A região posterior de mandíbula foi a mais frequente no grupo recidivante (n=18, 81,8%) e também para os casos que não apresentaram recidivas (n=16, 72,8%). O tempo livre de recorrência foi de 50,0 (34,5 ­ 63,6) meses. Foram fatores significativamente associadas à recorrência dos ameloblastomas: presença de expansão da cortical (p=0,0089), ausência de reconstrução óssea (p=0,018), tratamento conservador (p=0,021), perda de imunoexpressão de hMSH2 (p=0,006) e hMLH1 (p=0,038) e forte imunoexpressão de Ki-67 (p=0,029). Conclusão: Baseado nos achados desta pesquisa, aspecto radiográfico, modalidade do tratamento e imunoexpressão de proteínas do Sistema Mismatch e Ki-67 podem ser utilizados como indicadores para a recorrência em ameloblastomas (AU).

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic neoplasm, which has high rates of postoperative recurrence. Several studies show the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and treatment modalities in ameloblastoma recurrence. The molecular mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of this tumor are little known, and although changes in the Mismatch System favor the development of different human neoplasms, their importance in the development of ameloblastoma still remains poorly understood. Objective: To identify clinical and pathological factors associated with ameloblastoma recurrence, as well as to investigate the role of immunoexpression of hMLH1, hMSH2 and Ki-67 proteins in the recurrence of these odontogenic tumors. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, with a sample consisting of 22 cases of recurrent ameloblastoma and 22 non-recurrent cases. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed quantitatively, considering the cellular (nuclear) location of the studied proteins. McNemar's test was used to compare variables between 1st biopsy and recurrent AMB lesions. Recurrence-free survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival functions were compared according to variables using the log-rank test. Results: The most affected gender was female (n=24; 54.5%), with a mean age of involvement of 39.1 ± 19.8 years, 45.5% (n=20) being white. The posterior region of the mandible was the most frequent in the relapsed group (n=18, 81.8%) and also for the cases that did not present recurrences (n=16, 72.8%). Recurrence-free time was 50.0 (34.5 ­ 63.6) months. Factors significantly associated with recurrence of AMBs were: presence of cortical expansion (p=0.0089), absence of bone reconstruction (p=0.018), conservative treatment (p=0.021), loss of hMSH2 immunoexpression (p=0.006) and hMLH1 (p=0.038) and strong Ki-67 immunoexpression (p=0.029). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, radiographic appearance, treatment modality and immunoexpression of proteins from the Mismatch System and Ki-67 can be used as indicators for recurrence in ameloblastomas (AU).

Hallazgo de un Tumor Odontogénico Adenomatoide en una paciente adolescente / Descoberta de um tumor odontogênico adenomatóide em um paciente adolescente / Finding of an Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor in an adolescent patient

El tumor odontogénico adenomatoide (TOA), fue descripto en 1905 por Steensland. En el año 2005, la OMS lo clasificó como una neoplasia benigna constituida por epitelio odontogénico con estroma fibroso sin ectomesénquima odontogénico. El diagnóstico diferencial del TOA debe hacerse con el quiste dentígero, ameloblastoma uniquístico y tumor odontogénico epitelial calcificante. En el presente artículo se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 14 años que concurre al servicio de odontología del "H.I.G.A. Presidente Perón de Avellaneda", que al análisis intraoral, se detectó un abombamiento de la tabla ósea vestibular de la zona anterior de la hemi-mandibula derecha a nivel de caninos y premolares, indoloro, de consistencia sólida, bordes definidos, sin crepitación, no identificado por la paciente con ausencia de la pieza 44 y persistencia del 84. Se realizó ortopantomografia de rutina y TAC de macizo cráneo-facial, para la planificación del abordaje quirúrgico y evaluar relación con estructuras nobles. Se decide intervenirla bajo anestesia general para la extirpación quirúrgica de la lesión, obteniendo en el estudio anatomopatología como resultado Tumor Odontogénico Adenomatoide o TOA, por lo que se realizaron controles durante 10 meses, continuando en la actualidad con los mismos. El pronóstico del TOA es bueno, la tasa de recurrencia es de 0,2%. En nuestro caso la decisión fue de una cirugía conservadora sin regeneración ósea debido a la edad de la paciente, y la cercanía del paquete vasculonervioso dentario inferior y su ramal terminal mentoniana, en donde los controles posquirúrgicos demostraron una buena evolución con recuperación de la sensibilidad y la no recidiva de la entidad tumoral.

O tumor odontogênico adenomatóide (TOA) foi descrito em 1905 por Steensland. Em 2005, a OMS classificou-a como uma neoplasia benigna constituída por epitélio odontogênico com estroma fibroso sem ectomesênquima odontogênico. O diagnóstico diferencial da TOA deve ser feito com o cisto dentígero, ameloblastoma unicístico e tumor odontogênico epitelial calcário. Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma paciente de 14 anos, do sexo feminino, que frequenta o serviço odontológico do "HIGA Presidente Perón da Avellaneda", que na análise intraoral detectou abaulamento da mesa óssea vestibular na região anterior do Hemi-mandíbula direita ao nível dos caninos e pré-molares, indolor, de consistência sólida, bordas definidas, sem crepitação, não identificada pelo paciente com ausência de dente 44 e persistência do dente 84. Ortopantomografia de rotina e maciço craniofacial foram realizados para planejamento da abordagem cirúrgica e avaliação da relação com estruturas nobres. Optou-se por intervir sob anestesia geral para a retirada cirúrgica da lesão, obtendo no estudo anatomopatológico como resultado Tumor Odontogênico Adenomatóide ou TOA, para os quais foram realizados controles por 10 meses, continuando com eles atualmente. O prognóstico para TOA é bom, a taxa de recorrência é de 0,2%. Em nosso caso, optou-se por uma cirurgia conservadora sem regeneração óssea devido à idade do paciente, e à proximidade do feixe neurovascular dentário inferior e seu ramo mandibular terminal, onde os controles pós-operatórios apresentaram boa evolução com recuperação da sensibilidade e a não recorrência da entidade tumoral.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) was described in 1905 by Steensland. In 2005, the WHO classified it as a benign neoplasm consisting of odontogenic epithelium with fibrous stroma without odontogenic ectomesenchyme. The differential diagnosis of AOT should be made with the dentigerous cyst, unicystic ameloblastoma and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. This article presents the case of a 14-year-old female patient who attends the dental service of the " HIGA President Perón to Avellaneda", who, upon intraoral analysis, detected a bulging of the vestibular bone table in the anterior area of the Right hemi-mandible at the level of the canines and premolars, painless, of solid consistency, defined edges, without crepitation, not identified by the patient with absence of tooth 44 and persistence of 84. Routine orthopantomography and craniofacial massif were performed to plan the surgical approach and evaluate the relationship with noble structures. It was decided to intervene under general anesthesia for the surgical removal of the lesion, obtaining in the anatomopathology study as a result Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor or TOA, for which controls were carried out for 10 months, continuing with them at present. The prognosis for TOA is good, the recurrence rate is 0.2%. In our case, the decision was for conservative surgery without bone regeneration due to the age of the patient, and the proximity of the inferior dental nerve bundle and its terminal chin branch, where the postoperative controls showed a good evolution with recovery of sensitivity and the non-recurrence of the tumor entity.

Identification of BRAF V600E mutation in odontogenic tumors by high-performance MALDI-TOF analysis / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Odontogenic tumors are rare lesions with unknown etiopathogenesis. Most of them are benign, but local aggressiveness, infiltrative potential, and high recurrence rate characterize some entities. The MAP-kinase pathway activation can represent a primary critical event in odontogenic tumorigenesis. Especially, the BRAF V600E mutation has been involved in 80-90% of ameloblastic lesions, offering a biological rationale for developing new targeted therapies. The study aims to evaluate the BRAF V600E mutation in odontogenic lesions, comparing three different detection methods and focusing on the Sequenom MassARRAY System. 81 surgical samples of odontogenic lesions were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis, Sanger Sequencing, and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (Sequenom). The BRAF V600E mutation was revealed only in ameloblastoma samples. Moreover, the presence of BRAF V600E was significantly associated with the mandibular site (ρ = 0.627; P value <0.001) and the unicystic histotype (ρ = 0.299, P value <0.001). However, any significant difference of 10-years disease-free survival time was not revealed. Finally, Sequenom showed to be a 100% sensitive and 98.1% specific, suggesting its high-performance diagnostic accuracy. These results suggest the MAP-kinase pathway could contribute to ameloblastic tumorigenesis. Moreover, they could indicate the anatomical specificity of the driving mutations of mandibular ameloblastomas, providing a biological rational for developing new targeted therapies. Finally, the high diagnostic accuracy of Sequenom was confirmed.

Reemplazo mandibular con prótesis personalizada de titanio posterior a la exéresis de ameloblastoma / Mandibular replacement with a customized titanium prosthesis after ameloblastoma excision

Introducción: El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico epitelial benigno con tendencia a la recurrencia local si no se elimina adecuadamente. Las alternativas reconstructivas incluyen el uso de colgajos libres microvascularizados, placas y prótesis personalizada de titanio. Objetivo: Describir un reemplazo hemimandibular con prótesis personalizada de titanio posterior a la exéresis de ameloblastoma. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 44 años de edad, que presentó un hallazgo radiográfico durante la realización de tratamiento pulporradicular del diente número 37. Al realizársele el reconocimiento físico facial mostró aumento de volumen en región geniana izquierda mientras que el examen intrabucal detectó expansión de las corticales en la arcada posteroinferior del mismo lado. Se realizó una radiografía panorámica y tomografía axial computarizada con la que se constató la presencia de imagen radiolúcida, multiloculada, en forma de "pompas de jabón" extendiéndose desde el cuerpo mandibular hasta el cóndilo del lado izquierdo. Se tomó muestra para biopsia, con la cual se constató que se trataba de ameloblastoma con patrón folicular. Se realizó abordaje cervical, segmentaria mandibular con margen de seguridad y exarticulación. Se reemplazó la porción eliminada con prótesis personalizada de titanio. Se mantuvo el chequeo posoperatorio en el que se comprobó una buena evolución. Conclusiones: La cirugía constituyó el pilar de tratamiento utilizado. Una vez realizada la resección quirúrgica se reconstruyó el defecto con prótesis personalizada de titanio, proceder de gran novedad en nuestro medio y útil para restablecer la función y estética(AU)

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium with a tendency to local recurrence if not removed appropriately. Reconstruction alternatives include the use of microvascularized free flaps, plates and customized titanium prostheses. Objective: Describe a case of mandibular replacement with a customized titanium prosthesis after ameloblastoma excision. Case presentation: A case is presented of a female 44-year-old patient who presented a radiographic finding during pulporadicular treatment of tooth 37. Facial physical examination found an increase in volume in the left genian region, and intraoral observation detected expansion of the corticals in the lower posterior arch of the same side. Panoramic radiography and computed axial tomography showed a multilocular radiolucid image resembling soap bubbles which extended from the mandibular body to the left condyle. A sample was taken for biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of follicular pattern ameloblastoma. Segmental mandibular surgery was performed by cervical approach with a safety margin and exarticulation. The portion removed was replaced with a customized titanium prosthesis. Post-operative control showed a good evolution. Conclusions: Surgery was the basic component of the treatment applied. Surgical resection was followed by reconstruction of the defect with a customized titanium prosthesis, a procedure of great novelty in our environment useful to restore function and esthetic appearance(AU)

ING3 and ING4 immunoexpression and their relation to the development of benign odontogenic lesions

Abstract The Inhibitor of Growth (ING) gene family is a group of tumor suppressor genes that play important roles in cell cycle control, senescence, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. However, inactivation and downregulation of these proteins have been related in some neoplasms. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical profiles of ING3 and ING4 proteins in a series of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Methods: The sample comprised of 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 20 ameloblastomas (AM), and 15 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) specimens. Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunolabeling of ING3 and ING4 were semi-quantitatively evaluated in epithelial cells of the odontogenic lesions, according to the percentage of immunolabelled cells in each case. Descriptive and statistics analysis were computed, and the p-value was set at 0.05. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in cytoplasmic and nuclear ING3 immunolabeling among the studied lesions. In contrast, AOTs presented higher cytoplasmic and nuclear ING4 labeling compared to AMs (cytoplasmic p-value = 0.01; nuclear p-value < 0.001) and OKCs (nuclear p-value = 0.007). Conclusion: ING3 and ING4 protein downregulation may play an important role in the initiation and progression of more aggressive odontogenic lesions, such as AMs and OKCs.

Resumo Objetivos: A família dos Genes Inibidores de Crescimento (ING) é um grupo de genes supressores tumorais que desempenham papéis importantes no controle do ciclo celular, na senescência, no reparo do DNA, na proliferação celular e na apoptose. No entanto, a inativação e a regulação negativa dessas proteínas têm sido relacionadas em algumas neoplasias. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil imuno-histoquímico das proteínas ING3 e ING4 em uma série de lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por espécimes de 20 ceratocistos odontogênicos (CO), 20 ameloblastomas (AM) e 15 tumores odontogênicos adenomatoides (TOA). A imunoexpressão nuclear e citoplasmática de ING3 e ING4 foram avaliadas semi-quantitativamente nas células epiteliais das lesões odontogênicas, de acordo com a porcentagem de células imunomarcadas em cada caso. As análises descritivas e estatísticas foram computadas, e o valor de p estabelecido foi de 0,05. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na imunoexpressão citoplasmática e nuclear de ING3 entre as lesões estudadas. Em contrapartida, os TOAs apresentaram maior marcação citoplasmática e nuclear de ING4 em comparação aos AMs (valor de p citoplasmático=0,01; valor de p nuclear <0,001) e COs (valor nuclear de p=0,007). Conclusão: A regulação negativa das proteínas ING3 e ING4 pode desempenhar um papel importante na iniciação e na progressão de lesões odontogênicas mais agressivas, como AMs e COs.

Cistos e tumores odontogênicos: estudo retrospectivo dos casos diagnosticados no período de 10 anos em um hospital no sul do Brasil / Odontogenic cysts and tumors: a retrospective study of the cases diagnosed in a period of 10 years in a southern Brazilian hospital

Introdução: as lesões odontogênicas (LOs) compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de patologias orais e maxilofaciais que apresentam características distintas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as características clínico--patológicas das LOs diagnosticadas em um hospital da região sul do Brasil. Materiais e métodos: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo para levantamento dos casos com diagnóstico histopatológico de LOs no período entre 2007 e 2017. Os laudos dos pacientes foram avaliados para extração das características clínico-patológicas e dos diagnósticos histopatológicos de cada caso. Resultados: um total de 255 casos de LOs foram identificados. Destes casos, 197 (77%) cistos odontogênicos e 58 (23%) tumores odontogênicos foram coletados, sendo que somente um caso (0,39%) possuiu o diagnóstico de neoplasia odonto-gênica maligna. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes foram cisto radicular (32,5%) e cisto dentígero (31,76%), seguidos de ceratocisto odontogênico (10,98%), odontoma (10%) e ameloblastoma (10%). A maioria dos casos acometeu mandíbula (53,7%), com uma discreta predileção pelo sexo feminino (51%). A média de idade foi de 34±20,53 anos. Discussão: os dados apresentados corroboram com a literatura no que se refere à raridade do diagnóstico de tumores odontogênicos. Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou as principais características clínico-pato-lógicas de LOs diagnosticadas em um hospital no sul do Brasil, contribuindo para um maior conhecimento do perfil destas lesões.

Introduction: odontogenic lesions (OLs) represent a heterogeneous group of oral and maxillofacial patho-logies presenting distinct characteristics. The present study aimed to identify the clinical and pathological characteristics of OLs diagnosed in a southern Brazilian hospital. Materials and methods: a retrospective study was performed to evaluate cases with histopathological diagnosis of OLs identified in the period between 2007 and 2017. The patient's medical records were evaluated in order to obtain the clinical and pathological charac-teristics and the histopathological diagnosis from each case. Results: a total of 255 cases of OLs were identified. From these, 197 (77%) odontogenic cysts and 58 (23%) odontogenic tumors were surveyed, with only one case (0,39%) of a malignant odontogenic neoplasm. The most prevalent diagnosis were radicular cyst (32.5%) and den-tigerous cyst (31.76%), followed by odontogenic keratocyst (10.98%), odontoma (10%) and ameloblastoma (10%). The majority of the cases affected the mandible (53.7%) with a slight preference by female individuals (51%). The mean age was 34±20.53 years old. Discussion: the presented data are in accordance with the literature regarding the rarity of the diagnosis of odontogenic tumors.Conclusion: the present study demonstrated the main clinical and pathological characteristics of OLs diagnosed in a southern Brazilian hospital, contrib-uting to a better understanding of these injuries profiles.

Avaliação das características de lesões odontogênicas por meio da ressonância magnética de 3Teslas e tomografia computadorizada multislice / Assessment of odontogenic lesions imaging features in magnetic resonance imaging and multislice computed tomography

As lesões odontogênicas constituem achados relativamente frequentes na prática odontológica e são frequentemente investigadas inicialmente por meio de exames radiográficos bidimensionais. Todavia, tais exames apresentam limitações inerentes à sua técnica. Por conta disso, técnicas de imagem avançadas como a tomografia computadorizada multislice e a ressonância magnética podem e devem ser aplicadas para o estudo das lesões odontogênicas, otimizando hipóteses diagnósticas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar, por meio da ressonância magnética em imagens ponderadas em T1, STIR e difusão, e por meio da tomografia computadorizada multislice, considerando a escala de Hounsfield, os 3 tipos de lesões odontogênicas: o ameloblastoma, o queratocisto odontogênico e o cisto dentígero. O ameloblastoma também foi analisado considerando-se seus conteúdos internos (sólido e cístico) isoladamente. Para tal, foram estudadas retrospectivamente 71 imagens. Como resultado, observou-se que, por meio das imagens em ressonância magnética, especialmente ponderadas em STIR, foi possível a diferenciação do conteúdo sólido do ameloblastoma do seu próprio conteúdo cístico e do queratocisto odontogênico; e a diferenciação do conteúdo cístico do ameloblastoma do cisto dentígero. Ademais, os valores do coeficiente de difusão aparente são úteis na diferenciação dos conteúdos císticos entre os ameloblastomas de queratocistos odontogênicos e de cistos dentígeros. Por meio dos valores da escala de Hounsfield, foi possível a diferenciação dos ameloblastomas (considerando seus conteúdos sólidos e císticos em uma mesma análise) de cistos dentígeros e dos queratocistos odontogênicos. Os parâmetros analisados por meio destas técnicas avançadas de imagem possuem correspondência com os conteúdos internos das lesões estudadas, do ponto de vista histopatológico.

Hemimandibulectomía por ameloblastoma multiquístico. A propósito de un caso / Multicystic ameloblastoma hemimandibulectomy. A propos of a case

RESUMEN El ameloblastoma es un tumor odontogénico benigno, localmente agresivo y recidivante, con predilección por la región posterior de la mandíbula. Se caracteriza por su agresividad local con muy baja tendencia a metastizarse. El objetivo fue reportar el caso clínico de un paciente con ameloblastoma multiquístico derecho, tratado a través de hemimandibulectomía. Se presentó un paciente masculino, de 44 años de edad, que refirió aumento de volumen del lado derecho de la mandíbula desde hacía aproximadamente un año, acompañado también de otros síntomas, atendido en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Militar Principal/Instituto Superior, en Luanda, Angola. Los estudios imagenológicos incluyeron radiografía panorámica y tomografía axial computarizada. El diagnóstico clínico patológico fue de ameloblastoma multiquístico. Este tipo de tumor requiere de un adecuado diagnóstico sobre la base de la presentación clínica, localización, tamaño, edad y tipo histológico; de ahí la importancia de conocer las características clínicas e imagenológicas, pues el tratamiento conlleva gran dificultad (AU).

ABSTRACT Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor, locally aggressive and recidivist with predilection for back of the jaw, characterized by local aggressiveness and low tendency to metastasize. The aim was reporting the clinical case of a patient with right multicystic ameloblastoma treated through hemimandibulectomy. We presented a male patient aged 44 years, who referred a volume increase of the jaw right side for around a year, accompanied also by other symptoms; he attended the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the Main Military Hospital/High Institute of Luanda, in Angola. The image studies included panoramic radiography and computerized axial tomography the clinical pathological diagnosis was multicystic ameloblastoma. This kind of tumor requires an adequate diagnosis based on the clinical presentation, location, size, age and histological kind, therefore the importance of knowing the clinical and image characteristics, because the treatment is very difficult (AU).

Cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica / Quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica / Dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation

Introdução: O cisto dentígero se origina pela separação do folículo que fica ao redor da coroa de um dente incluso. É o tipo mais comum de cisto odontogênico do desenvolvimento. O seu crescimento é lento, assintomático, e pode atingir grandes dimensões. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico cirúrgico de cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica, localizado na mandíbula, de paciente, gênero feminino, melanoderma, 14 anos. Caso clínico: Ao exame radiográfico apresentou área radiolúcida unilocular com margem bem definida e esclerótica envolvendo a coroa das unidades 48 e 47. Foi realizada enucleação e curetagem da lesão com exodontia destas unidades sob anestesia local em ambulatório, e aplicada a crioterapia na loja óssea. Encaminhou-se o conteúdo da lesão para exame histopatológico e o diagnóstico de cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica foi fechado. Comentários principais: No momento a paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento pós-operatório de 3 anos com neoformação óssea e sem recidivas(AU)

Introducción: El quiste dentígero se origina por la separación del folículo que se queda alrededor de la corona de un diente no erupcionado. Es el tipo más común de quiste odontogénico de desarrollo. Su crecimiento es lento, asintomático y puede alcanzar grandes dimensiones. Objetivo: Reportar un caso quirúrgico de quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 14 años, de color de piel negra. La radiografía demostró una radiolucidez unilocular con márgenes bien definidos que envolvían la corona de los dientes 48 y 47. El tratamiento involucró una combinación de enucleación y curetaje de la lesión, exodoncia de los dientes y crioterapia para desvitalizar el hueso circundante. Se realizó el examen histopatológico, luego, se confirmó el diagnóstico de quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica. Conclusiones: Al momento de la redacción del reporte la paciente se encontraba en seguimiento posoperatorio de tres años con neoformación ósea y sin recidivas(AU)

Introduction: Dentigerous cysts are caused by the separation of the follicle remaining around the crown of unerupted teeth. They are the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst. Their growth is slow and asymptomatic, and they may reach large dimensions. Objective: Report a surgical case of dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation. Case presentation: A case is presented of a black female 14-year-old patient. Radiography revealed an area of unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins enveloping the crowns of teeth 48 and 47. Treatment was a combination of enucleation and curettage of the lesion, exodontia of the teeth and cryotherapy to devitalize the surrounding bone. Eventual histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation. Conclusions: At the time when the report was written, the patient had been followed up for three years after surgery, showing bone neoformation and no recurrence of the lesion(AU)

Ameloblastoma em região anterior de mandíbula / Ameloblastoma anterior de la mandíbula / Anterior mandibular ameloblastoma

Introdução: O ameloblastoma é uma neoplasia benigna, mas localmente invasiva, geralmente diagnosticada na quarta e quinta décadas, com relação à localização em 80 porcento dos casos, o tumor está na mandíbula e 20 porcento na maxila. É classificada histopatologicamente como células foliculares, plexiformes, acantomatosas, granulares e basais. O ameloblastoma desmoplásico foi reclassificado como subtipo histológico. Radiograficamente, pode ser mostrado de maneira unicística ou multicística, onde geralmente é descrito como favos de mel ou bolhas de sabão. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de ameloblastoma com características clínicas e de imagem incomuns, enfatizando a importância diagnóstico correto como estratégia para garantir tratamento adequado e melhor prognóstico da doença. Apresentação do caso: Paciente branca, 72 anos, moradora da cidade de Itabaiana-Sergipe, queixou-se do aumento de volume na região da mandíbula anterior de desenvolvimento lento. Ela foi encaminhada ao do Campus do Hospital Universitário Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento, Aracaju / Sergipe. A tomografia computadorizada mostrou uma área multilocular hipodensa, localizada na região anterior da mandíbula, e uma biópsia incisional realizada juntamente com exames de imagem, o seguinte diagnóstico de ameloblastoma folicular foi concluído com uma extensa área de degeneração cística. Decidiu-se realizar uma cirurgia para remover completamente a lesão em centro cirurgico, formou-se uma extensa aloja ossea, por isso foi decidido aplicar em sua extensão a solução de Carnoy. Conclusões: Este relato é altamente relevante por apresentar um caso que contradiz os fatos existentes e aumenta a importância de se fazer um diagnóstico correto, é importante enfatizar que, embora o comportamento das lesões que afetam a cavidade oral seja bem conhecido, é extremamente importante estuda-las(AU)

Introducción: El ameloblastoma es una neoplasia benigna pero localmente invasiva, generalmente diagnosticada en las décadas cuarta y quinta. En el 80 por ciento de los casos el tumor está localizado en la mandíbula y el 20 por ciento, en el maxilar. Se clasifica histopatológicamente en folicular, plexiforme, acantomatoso, células granulares y células basales. El ameloblastoma desmoplásico se ha reclasificado como un subtipo histológico. Radiográficamente se puede mostrar de forma unicista o multiquística, donde generalmente se describe como panales o pompas de jabón. Objetivo: Describir un caso de ameloblastoma con características clínicas y de imagen poco comunes. Presentación del caso: Paciente blanca, de 72 años, que vivía en la ciudad de Itabaiana-Sergipe, se quejó del aumento de volumen (de desarrollo lento) en la región de la mandíbula anterior. La tomografía computarizada mostró un área hipodensa, multilocular, ubicada en la región mandibular anterior. Se realizó una biopsia incisional, además de los exámenes por imágenes. Se diagnosticó ameloblastoma folicular con un área extensa de degeneración quística. Se decidió realizar una cirugía de extirpación completa de la lesión, luego de la extracción de la misma se formó un alojamiento óseo circular, por lo que se decidió aplicar la solución de Carnoy. Conclusiones: Este informe tiene una gran relevancia porque presenta un caso que contradice los hechos existentes y plantea la importancia de hacer un diagnóstico correcto. Aunque el comportamiento de las lesiones que afectan la cavidad oral es bien conocido, es extremadamente importante continuar estudiándolas(AU)

Introduction: Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally invasive neoplasm generally diagnosed in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Its location is the mandible in 80 percent of the cases and the maxilla in 20 percent. Histopathologically, it may be classified as follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, granular cells or basal cells. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma has been further classified as a histological subtype. Radiographically, it presents as either unicystic or multicystic, in which case it resembles a honeycomb or soap bubbles. Objective: Describe a case of ameloblastoma with uncommon clinical and imaging characteristics. Case presentation: A white female 72-year-old patient from the city of Itabaiana, Sergipe, presented with increased volume (of slow development) in her anterior mandibular region. Computed tomography revealed a hypodense, multiloculated area in the anterior mandibular region. Incisional biopsy and imaging tests were performed. The diagnosis was follicular ameloblastoma with a broad area of cystic degeneration. It was decided to perform total excision of the lesion. A circular bone housing was formed, which was treated with Carney's solution. Conclusions: The present report is of great relevance, since a case is described which contradicts the existing facts and points to the importance of making a correct diagnosis. Although the behavior of oral cavity lesions is well known, it is extremely important to continue to study them(AU)

Rank, rankl, and opg in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma: a meta-analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess and compare RANK, RANKL, and OPG immunoexpression in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105543). Seven databases (Embase, Lilacs, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science) were the primary search sources and two databases (Open Grey and Open Thesis) partially captured the "grey literature". Only cross sectional studies were included. The JBI Checklist assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis with random effects model estimated the values from the OPG and RANKL ratio reported by the individual studies and respective 95% confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among studies was assessed with I2 statistics. Only nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered in the analyses. The studies were published from 2008 to 2018. Two studies presented low risk of bias, while seven studies presented moderate risk. The meta-analysis showed the highest OPG>RANKL ratio for dentigerous cyst (ES=43.3%; 95% CI=14.3-74.8) and odontogenic keratocyst (ES=36.8%; 95% CI=18.8-56.7). In contrast, the highest OPG<RANKL ratio was found for ameloblastoma (ES=73.4%; 95% CI=55.4-88.4) and it was higher in the stromal region compared to the odontogenic epithelial region. The results may explain the aggressive potential of ameloblastoma from the higher OPG<RANKL ratio in this tumor, while it was lower for dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a imunoexpressão de RANK, RANKL e OPG em cisto dentígero, ceratocisto odontogênico e ameloblastoma. O protocolo foi registrado no PROSPERO (CRD [Oculto]). Sete bancos de dados (Embase, Lilacs, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO e Web of Science) foram as principais fontes de pesquisa e duas bases de dados (Open Grey e Open Thesis) capturaram parcialmente a "literatura cinza". Apenas estudos transversais foram incluídos. A ferramenta JBI avaliou o risco de viés. Uma metanálise com modelo de efeitos aleatórios estimou os valores da razão OPG e RANKL relatados pelos estudos individuais e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. A heterogeneidade entre os estudos foi avaliada por meio do teste I2. Apenas nove estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram considerados nas análises. Os estudos foram publicados entre 2008 e 2018. Dois estudos apresentaram baixo risco de viés, enquanto sete estudos apresentaram risco moderado. A meta-análise mostrou a maior razão OPG> RANKL para cisto dentígero (ES=43,3%; IC95%=14,3-74,8) e ceratocisto odontogênico (ES=36,8%; IC95%=18,8-56,7). Por outro lado, a maior razão OPG <RANKL foi encontrada para ameloblastoma (ES=73,4%; IC95%=55,4-88,4) e foi maior na região estromal em comparação com a região epitelial odontogênica. Os resultados podem explicar o potencial agressivo do ameloblastoma devido a uma maior proporção OPG <RANKL nesse tumor, enquanto tal proporção foi menor no cisto dentígero e no ceratocisto odontogênico.

Assessment of the quality of life of mandibular ameloblastoma patients after reconstruction with double-barrel fibula flap / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyse the quality of life of patients receiving repair of bone defect with folded fibula flap after removal of mandibular ameloblastoma. Methods: The case data of 39 patients with ameloblastoma admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August 2013 to April 2016 were retrospectively analysed, including 21 males and 18 females, from 18 to 58 years old. 3D printing and digital technology were used in flap preparation before surgery in all patients. The folded fibular flaps were used to repair mandibular defects and the implants were placed between 6-9 months after surgery. The short form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and the university of Washington quality of life questionnaire (UW-QOL) were applied to evaluate the quality of life of patients before surgery and at 6 months and 24 months after surgery. The higher the score, the better the condition. SPSS 20.0 was adopted for statistical analysis. Results: The SF-36 survey showed that the mean score of body role before surgery (72.4±11.7) was significantly higher than that at 6 months after surgery (39.6±11.1, t=23.580, P<0.05) or that at 24 months after surgery (59.8±6.4, t=8.358, P<0.001). Compared with the preoperative mean scores of Physical Pain (73.0±11.0), General Health (73.4±10.4) and Health Changes (79.2±3.9) before surgery, the mean scores Physical Pain (53.1±7.7), General Health (53.5±7.5) and Health Changes (63.9±11.7) at 6 months after surgery were decreased significantly respectively (t=13.068, 13.756 and 10.880, respectively, all P<0.05), but the mean scores Physical Pain (78.8±14.0), General Health (80.9±12.6) and Health Changes (84.4±4.6) at 24 months after surgery were increased significantly respectively (t=-2.904, -4.027 and -7.586, respectively, all P<0.05), with significant differences in the mean scores of Physical Pain, General Health and Health Changes between 6 and 24 months after surgery (t=-14.241, -16.490, -14.294, respectively, all P<0.001). The UW-QOL survey showed that the mean scores of chewing, language and taste functions decreased at 6 months after surgery (53.1±6.7, 53.0±7.7 and 62.2±9.9, respectively), but improved at 24 months after surgery (67.9±3.9, 63.9±2.9 and 68.4±11.1, respectively), with statistically significant difference (t=-16.765, -11.675 and 2.498, respectively, all P<0.001). Conclusion: The application of folded fibula flaps to repair bone defects after sugery of mandibular ameloblastoma can better meet the needs of language and chewing functions and improve the quality of life of patients.